In occupational health, ergonomics is the design of work tasks and job demands to fit the capabilities of the working population. The goal of ergonomics is to reduce and prevent musculoskeletal disorders caused by multiple factors. These include:
- Physical (work tasks such as pushing, pulling, or lifting)
- Psychosocial (mental wellbeing influenced by social factors)
- Personal (age, sex, and body mass index)
- In simple terms, the goal of ergonomics is to prevent discomfort and injuries caused by work.
NIOSH researchers recommend designing the work environment to fit employees’ physical capabilities and limitations. Elements of the work environment can include:
- Tools
- Lighting
- Equipment
This practice helps creates an ergonomically-sound work environment.
Terms to know:
Using an understanding of ergonomics, employers, workers, and other parties can work together to design effective programs to prevent and minimize work-related discomfort and injuries. Here are some key terms to help you better understand ergonomics.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
Disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal discs that
- Are caused by sudden or sustained force, vibration, repetitive motion, or awkward postures.
- Are not the result of any instantaneous non-exertion event (e.g., slips, trips, or falls).
- May be mild to intense and cause occasional to chronic pain.
- Can be leading indicator for disability.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)
MSDs that can be attributed to the work environment and the performance of work.
Ergonomics program
A systematic process for identifying, analyzing, and controlling workplace risk factors, often for reducing MSDs.
Workplace risks:
WMSDs can be caused or worsened by work conditions that require employees to:
- Lift, push, pull, or carry many or irregularly shaped objects
- Maintain awkward/unnatural postures
- Withstand cold temperatures
- Withstand vibrations from machinery and tools
- Increase the intensity, frequency, and duration of activities
- Endure psychosocial stressors
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ergonomics/about/index.html